How To Be A Super-Ager

 In Optimal Brain Health
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This is a write-up on an article published by Harvard Health Publishing Harvard Medical School, under Healthy Aging, entitled “What Does It Take To Be a Super-Ager”?

Research suggests that moving out of your comfort zone is the key to staying mentally and physically young.

 

What’s a Super-Ager?

As we age, finding role models who are older than we are gets more difficult.    But, in the last few years, medical science has identified a new group we can try to join — the super-agers. The term refers to people in their 70s and 80s who have the mental or physical capability of their counterparts who are decades younger.

What makes a cognitive super-ager?

Dr. Bradford Dickerson, a neurologist at Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital, and his colleagues have been studying super-agers for several years. They found that embracing new mental challenges may be the key to preserving brain tissue as well as brain function.

In one study, 81 healthy adults — 40 aged 60 to 80 years old and 41 aged 18 to 35 — were read a list of 16 nouns six times. Twenty minutes later, they were asked to recall as many of the words as possible. While 23 of the older participants had an average score, 17 seniors — the super-agers — could remember 14 words or more, a score similar to that of the younger participants.

The participants also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging.  This type of imaging  provides images of the brain at work. The researchers found that some areas of the brain appeared thinner (indicating cell loss) in the older people who had normal test scores, but not in those who scored as well as younger participants. This group (the super-agers) did not have any indication of cell loss.  The particular brain regions tested are involved in many functions, such as emotion, language, and stress. They are also responsible for regulating internal organs and coordinating sensory input into a cohesive experience. The thicker these regions of brain are, the better a person’s performance on tests of memory and attention (such as the word memorization test.)

The super-agers’ IQs and educational levels were similar to the participants of the same age group.  What set them apart might be that they viewed problem-solving differently, Dr. Dickerson says. “They seemed to approach these tasks as a challenge they could succeed at, in contrast to typical older adults who might give up.”  In other words, these super-agers may share a willingness to endure discomfort in order to master a new skill, like playing a musical instrument or speaking a new language. The Super-agers habitually move  out of their comfort zones to gain new areas of expertise.

 

What makes a physical super-ager?

Like cognitive super-agers, physical super-agers have scores that rival those of women decades younger, especially on measures of aerobic capacity (VO2 max or maximal oxygen consumption:  the amount of oxygen you can take in and distribute to your tissues in a minute.) On average, people lose 10% of their aerobic capacity every decade after age 30.

Measuring VO2 max requires a person to run on a treadmill in a medical facility while hooked up to monitoring equipment. A few years ago, Norwegian researchers came up with an algorithm to estimate VO2 max based on a person’s answers to a few questions about his or her health and exercise habits. However, the questionnaire tended to under-estimate VO2 max somewhat in the fittest volunteers and to overestimate it in the least fit.

Since the questionnaire was developed, several groups of researchers have used it to see how VO2 max relates to health outcomes. In general, they have found that as VO2 max increases, the risks of cardiovascular disease, dementia, and death fall.

In 2015, 4,200 participants in the 14th National Senior Games  (which contained a group of physical super-agers)  used the Norwegian calculator to estimate their biological ages. Although the average chronological age of the participants was 68, their average biological age was 43.

 

What can you do to become a super-ager?

Scientists are still studying this question. What they do know is that, although any regular physical and mental activity reduces health risks, intense physical activity increases aerobic capacity, and intense mental activity preserves areas of the brain involved in memory and reasoning.  Following the suggestions in this article may not ensure that you’ll become a super-ager, but it will put you on the road to better health.

Embrace mental challenges.
If you enjoy crossword puzzles, you may want to take on acrostics or mathematical games. Try doing something yourself that you would have hired someone else to do in the past
— perhaps calculating your income taxes, assembling a piece of flat-packed furniture, or installing new computer software. Volunteer for a project that may seem little intimidating, like tutoring students who are trying to master English as a second language or registering voters for the next election. Pursue a leisure activity you didn’t have time for earlier in life;  for instance,  joining a theater group, writing poetry, learning the language of your favorite translated book so you can read the original, becoming proficient on your favorite musical instrument, or creating intricate origami sculptures.

Increase your exercise capacity.
How much of your VO2 max you preserve depends on three factors — the intensity, duration, and frequency of your workouts. Exercise intensity increases as you come closer to achieving your maximum heart rate, which you can calculate by subtracting your age from 220.

Prepare to be frustrated.
Patience and perseverance are key to mastering challenges. It may take months or years of practice to gain proficiency in a new field.  However, the benefits can be great. For example, the photo-editing software on your computer may seem impenetrable at first glance, but once you’ve learned to use all the menus and tools it offers, you’ll be able to produce professional-quality images from photos captured on your smartphone.

Don’t let your age deter you.
As long as you are physically up to a challenge, your age shouldn’t hold you back. Mary Robertson “Grandma” Moses didn’t start painting in earnest until she was 78.  Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg began working with a personal trainer at 68 following treatment for colon cancer.

Get going with a group
You may find it easier to take on new challenges if you’re in the company of other beginners.  Check your local community center or “Y” for programs that welcome new members.

 

Meet Ann McGowan, super-ager

She started running at age 49 to cope with the death of her husband. She got back on the track within months following a mastectomy to race in the 1991 National Senior Games, a competition for women and men age 50 or older who have qualified at regional events. She’s run the 100-yard, 200-yard, and 400-yard dashes, and has competed in long jump, discus, hammer-throw, and javelin events. At 92, Ann McGowan is one of only eight athletes who have participated in every one of the National Senior Games since their inception in 1987.

 

We hope you’ve enjoyed this blog.   Please write us in the Comments section and let us know if you’ve tried any of the ideas described in the blog, and your progress along those lines.

 

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